The idea that science and Christianity are at war with each other was very popular at the end of the 19th century. This position is called "the conflict thesis", ...

although more recently it is sometimes referred to as "the conflict myth" to put it on the same level as urban legends. Historians of science today reject the conflict thesis because it is an inaccurate description of how science and Christianity have historically interacted. In order to maintain the thesis, examples of conflict had to exaggerated, twisted to mean something they didn't, and sometimes freely invented. A good essay on this is by David Lindberg and Ronald Numbers, “Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science", which can be read online here. Another essay by James Hannam entitled "The Mythical Conflict between Science and Religion" can be read here. Lindberg, Numbers, and Hannam are all historians of science.